PRONOMBRES PERSONALES/ Personal pronouns

PRONOMBRES PERSONALES/ Personal pronouns

Personal pronouns can be used as subjects of a sentence. They replace a noun.

LESSONS: Types of Businesses I & Types of Businesses Ia

T is the singular informal form of you. It is used to address family members, children, and friends.

Ud. is the abbreviation of usted and is the singular formal form of you. It is preferable to use Ud. in all other instances.

Vosotros is the familiar plural form of you that is only used in Spain. In all other Latin American countries, ustedes is used. NOTE: That ustedes is used for both informal and polite plural.

Nosotros, vosotros, ellos are used to refer to a male group or a group of mixed gender. However, nosotras, vosotras and ellas refer to only a group of females.

LESSONS: Types of Businesses II & Types of Businesses IIa

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DIFERENCIAS CON EL INGLS/ Differences with English

1. In Spanish, verb endings indicate the subject. Therefore, subject pronouns are often omitted.

EXAMPLES:

• Abrimos a las ocho./ We open at eight.
• Cierran primero./ They close first.

2. In order to emphasize the subject, a pronoun is used. When used, it precedes the verb.

EXAMPLE:

• Yo soy el mejor./ I am the best.

3. A pronoun is used in order to avoid confusion when verb forms present ambiguity.

4. Pronouns are always used when there are 2 verbs and 2 subjects.

EXAMPLE:

• Yo soy feliz, y l no lo es./ I am happy, but he is not.

5. The pronoun it is rarely used.

EXAMPLES:

• Es posible alcanzar esa meta./ It is possible to reach that goal.
• Est lloviendo./ It's raining.

6. In a question, subject pronouns can precede or follow the verb.

7. Unlike English, personal pronouns are used in the following constructions:

• Como ella, l, ellos, ellas/ like her, him, them
• Entre t y yo/ between you and me
• Excepto ella, l, ellos, ellas / except her, him, them
• Incluso/ incluyendo ella, l, ellos, ellas / including her, him, them
• Segn ella, l, ellos, ellas / according to her, him, them