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ADVERBUL
A. Forma.
Marie often sang in the choir.
The doctor drove fast. Fast food is popular with teenagers.
Julie called daily. Our daily routine is demanding.
Jim works pretty hard. I love her pretty face.
kind, kindly slow, slowly careful, carefully
happy, happily simple, simply automatic, automatically
NOTA: Unele cuvinte terminate in -ly sunt adjective (nu adverbe!): lonely, lovely, likely, friendly, ugly, silly.
This is such an ugly car!
B. Ortografie.
a. y final se schimba in -i: merry, merrily (EXCEPTIE: shy, shyly)
b. -e final se pastreaza: wise, wisely (EXCEPTIE: true, truly)
c. daca se termina in consoana +
le, -e dispare si se adauga -y: gentle, gently
d. cuvintelor terminate in -ic li se
adauga -ally: scientific, scientifically
(EXCEPTIE: public, publicly)
C. Topica - topica adverbelor variaza, ea depinzand in primul rand de tipul de adverbe folosit. Exista trei pozitii de baza:
Unfortunately, I couldn't identify the thief.
That young man likes Melanie very much.
Alexandra was working hard.
NOTA: Nu plasati niciodata un adverb intre verb si complement.
I drink coffee slowly.
I drink slowly coffee.
He usually comes for tea. (inainte de verbul principal)
She is always smiling. (dupa verbul be)
They have rarely come to visit. (dupa primul verb auxiliar)
Jonathan could seldom telephone us. (dupa primul verb modal)
We certainly have to be more careful. (inainte de used to, have to, ought to)
D. Tipuri de adverbe.
Pavarotti sang beautifully.
Terry spoke Spanish slowly.
NOTA: Adverbele referitoare la caracter sau inteligenta (foolishly, generously, sweetly, kindly, stupidly etc.) isi schimba sensul in functie de pozitie.
I stupidly replied. (= It was stupid of me to reply.)
I replied stupidly. (= I gave a stupid reply.)
They went everywhere.
The Crawfords are sending their daughter abroad.
NOTA: Adverbele de loc functioneaza adesea si ca prepozitii.
Joe ran down the stairs.
Tomorrow we will begin the next lesson.
The holiday began yesterday.
NOTA: De obicei, adverbele au urmatoarea ordine: MOD - LOC - TIMP.
The baby slept well yesterday.
We'll go there tomorrow.
Mark worked hard at school last year.
Dictators usually live in fear.
Repeatedly, the students made the same mistake.
Our children walk to school every morning.
You obviously like pizza.
Frankly, I don't like him very much.
He is entirely right.
The horses galloped very fast.
My steak isn't big enough.
I liked him a lot.
When did they send the letter?
Where is he going?
Why is Cindy crying?
How do you spell your name?
ATENTIE! Farther / farthest se refera numai la distanta.
He ran farther than planned.
Further / furthest se refera la grad.
He inquired further into the matter.
EXERCITII
1. Puneti cuvintele de mai jos in ordinea corecta.
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2. Asezati aceste grupuri de adverbe in pozitia corecta.
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3. Asezati adverbele de mai jos in coloana corespunzatoare.
insistently, quite, surely, usually, silently, always, never, vaguely, overseas, today, well, too, fast, outside, everywhere, recently, enough, so, very, soon, even, carefully, up, almost, fiercely, abroad, angrily, fairly, obviously, seldom, downstairs, yesterday, nowhere, here, foolishly
Manner Place Time Frequency Opinion Degree
APLICATII
GENDER
1. In addition to age, gender is one of the universal dimensions on which status differences are based. Unlike sex, which is a biological concept, gender is a social construct specifying the socially and culturally prescribed roles that men and women are to follow. According to Gerda Lerner, gender is the "costume, a mask, a straitjacket in which men and women dance their unequal dance". What do you think is gender a result of NATURE or NURTURE?
2. What gender is your brain? Take this test to find out.
1. Looking fashionable is important to you.
a. true
b. false
2. You are better at:
a. explaining things you understand
b. understanding what is being explained to you
3. Do you tend to remember your dreams?
a. yes
b. no
4. If you have a problem, you tend to:
a. ask for help
b. solve it yourself
5. In an argument or heated discussion, you find it most important to:
a. come to an understanding
b. drive your point home
6. Would you ever try an exciting new drug if it were illegal?
a. no - you prefer to obey the law
b. depends on what it did
7. If someone you know is acting strange
a. you try to read between the lines
b. you ask for an explanation
8. You tend to notice when someone has poor etiquette.
a. true
b. false
9. If a friend who's gained weight asks you if she's gotten fat, you:
a. are completely honest
b. would consider sparing her feelings
10. When talking with your friends, you're more likely to discuss:
a. what's going on in your lives and people you know
b. politics, sports, or news
11. Even if you aren't one yourself, you can understand how some people can be vegetarians.
a. true
b. false
12. If a friend has a problem, it becomes your problem as well.
a. frue
b. False
Majority of A - Female Brain
Majority of B - Male Brain
3. Multi-choice quiz on gender. Circle the correct answer:
1. Most sociologists would argue that gender roles are learned, rather than based on biology.
a. True
b. False
2. Which one of these behaviours shows a pattern of role-reversal compared to traditional gender roles in western societies?
a. Women going out to work and men staying at home to look after the children
b. Women and men both going out to work
c. Girls doing better than boys at school
3. What term do sociologists learn to describe those aspects of our behaviour as men and women which are learned, rather than based on biology?
a. Gender
b. Sex
4. If masculine and feminine roles are based on our biology, what will we find when we study other cultures?
a. Men and women's behaviour varies depending on the culture studied.
b. Men and women's behaviour is always the same.
4. In urmatoarea propozitie, puneti semne de punctuatie dupa cum considerati ca este corect. Apoi comentati rezultatul.
A woman without her man is nothing.
5. Fill in the words corresponding to the descriptions below.
Across
2. Judging someone before knowing them.
4. Considering a member of the other gender as being lower than yourself.
5. A perspective interested in sexual inequality.
7. Men are said to be going through one of these now.
9. Children play with these as part of socialization.
10. Sex roles.
Down
1. Criticised recently for encouraging eating disorders among girls.
3. Biologists explain our gender roles by studying what goes on in this.
6. Often presented as oppressors.
8. The biological basis for our gender roles.
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Vizualizari: 2011
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