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CONJUNCTIVUL
Conjunctivul a disparut aproape complet in engleza. Se mai pastreaza anumite forme mai ales la trecut pentru a exprima indoiala, regretul sau situatiile reale.
A. Forma.
God save the king!
They be damned!
Its time we went home.
I wish I were nicer.
We wished we had had better weather.
B. Utilizare.
Heaven help me!
God bless you! (adesea adresat unei persoane care a stranutat)
anumite verbe primesc that should, mai ales in constructii pasive. In special in engleza americana should este adesea omis si in locul lui se foloseste conjunctivul prezent al verbului subordonat. Iata cateva din aceste verbe (vezi Lectia 15, 16 si 19):
advise agree arrange ask command
decide demand determine insist order
propose suggest recommend
The students agreed that Jeff (should) be the one to go to the conference.
The associates proposed that a contract (should) be written.
dupa as if pentru a exprima indoiala sau irealitatea:
He behaves as if he were Napoleon.
He treats me as if I were his slave.
NOTA: Daca verbul principal trece la trecut, conjunctivul trecut ramane neschimbat.
He behaved as if he were
He treated me as if I were
dupa it is (high) time, pentru a arata ca este foarte tarziu:
Its time he studied more.
Its high time we returned home.
NOTA: Aceleasi propozitii se pot construi cu for + complement + INFINITIV cu to.
Its time for him to study more.
Its high time for us to return home.
dupa with:
o pentru a exprima regretul in legatura cu prezentul, folositi conjunctivul trecut.
She wished that dress werent so expensive.
They wished one of them knew Johns fax number.
o pentru a exprima regretul in legatura cu trecutul, folositi conjunctivul mai mult ca perfect.
She wishes that dress hadnt been so expensive.
They wish one of them had known Johns number.
NOTA: If only exprima de asemenea regretul. Are aceeasi structura ca si wish.
If only I were rich!
If only I had been born rich!
pentru a exprima o dorinta in viitor, folositi would + verb (acesta NU este un conjunctiv):
I wish my boyfriend would write.
I wish it would rain.
NOTA: I wish you would este un inceput obisnuit pentru o dorinta care exprima iritarea.
I wish you wouldnt smoke!
I wish hed help me!
EXERCITII
1. Completati propozitiile. Decideti mai intai daca va referiti la prezent, trecut sau viitor.
2. Puneti verbele dintre paranteze la forma corecta.
3. Puneti verbele dintre paranteze la forma corecta.
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